Pythagoras was the first person to designate intervals as perfect versus non-perfect. Actively scan device characteristics for identification. Use precise geolocation data. Select personalised content. Create a personalised content profile. Measure ad performance. Select basic ads. Create a personalised ads profile.
Select personalised ads. Apply market research to generate audience insights. Measure content performance. Develop and improve products. List of Partners vendors. Espie Estrella. Espie Estrella is a lyricist, songwriter, and member of the Nashville Songwriters Association International. Updated November 04, Featured Video. Definition and Examples of Melodic Intervals. Understanding Dissonant and Consonant Chords. Overview of Pentatonic Scales in Music Theory.
Learn to Play Diminished Chords on Bass. No it is not… we have a B natural in D major! These are the intervals of a 4 th , 5 th and 8ve!
For these three intervals, we use the word perfect! Remember perfect is used because 4 th , 5 th and 8ve because the 4 th , 5 th and 8ve are the same in both the major and the minor scale so therefore cannot be labelled as major or minor! If you are interested in practicing your major, minor and perfect intervals further, then make sure to check out the resources on this website to deepen your knowledge!
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Sizes are written with Arabic numbers 2, 3, 4, etc. Always count a note to itself as one when counting size. Example 2 shows the first 8 sizes within an C major scale:. Example 2. Sizes of intervals. Size is considered generic. Example 3 demonstrates this:.
Example 3. Generic size is demonstrated. Accidentals do not matter in the determination of generic size. A quality makes an interval specific when used in combination with a size. When speaking about or writing intervals, one says or writes the quality first and then the size. For now, we will only discuss three qualities: perfect, major, and minor. Different theorists in different locations and time periods have applied these qualities to different sizes of intervals, depending on milieu.
Example 4 shows how these qualities are applied today:. Example 4. Interval qualities. There are several different methods for learning to write and identify qualities of intervals. One method you may have heard of is counting half-steps. This is not a recommended method, because it is time consuming and often inaccurate. Example 5 shows two intervals. Try identifying their size and quality:. Example 5. Two intervals. For the first interval: the notes are F and C in treble clef.
Here is the process in more detail:. To review, there are five possible interval qualities, of which we have covered major, minor, and perfect:.
Augmented intervals are one half-step larger than a perfect or major interval. Example 6 shows this:. Example 6. Two augmented intervals. As you can see in the first measure of Example 6 , the notes F and C form a perfect fifth because C is in the key of F major.
In the second measure of Example 6 , a major sixth is shown with the notes G and E because E is in the key of G major. Note that it is not always the top note that is altered.
Example 7 shows two augmented intervals in which the bottom notes have been altered:. Example 7. Two more augmented intervals. In the first measure of Example 7 , F and C again form a perfect fifth. In the second measure of Example 7 , G and E once again form a major sixth. Diminished intervals are one half-step smaller than a perfect or minor interval.
Example 8 shows this:. Example 8. Diminished Intervals. In the first measure of Example 8 , the perfect fifth F and C has been made a half-step smaller, since the top note has been lowered by a half-step. In the second measure of Example 8 , G and E form a major sixth which becomes a minor sixth when the top note is lowered by a half-step making the entire interval one half-step smaller.
It is very important to note that major intervals do not become diminished intervals directly; a major interval becomes minor when contracted by a half-step. It is only a minor interval that becomes diminished when further contracted by a half-step.
Again, it is not always the top note that is altered. Example 9 shows two diminished intervals in which the bottom notes have been altered:. Example 9. Diminished intervals with the bottom notes altered. In the first measure of Example 9 , F to C form a perfect fifth. In the second measure of Example 9 , G to E form a major sixth.
Examples 10 and 11 again demonstrate and summarize the relative size of intervals.
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