For basic labeling, materials such as gloss and semi-gloss labels that are bright white give customers a label that adheres well and is easy to read. A world without print materials that have personality, brand appeal, and function, would also be chaos, if not infinitely boring! A world without printing would be chaos.
Functionality While these applications might seem small in the grand scheme of things, they have an important function; informing customers of brands and coercing them to buy the product. Share Twitter 0. LinkedIn 0. This prompted the Goryeo government to create its own Tripitaka with woodblock printing, perhaps with the aim of preserving Korean Buddhist identity against invaders.
The attempt would be prescient; it preserved the concept and technique for later years, when more invaders eventually arrived. In the 12th and 13th centuries, the Mongol ruler Genghis Khan had created the largest empire in human history, which stretched from the Pacific coast of Asia west to Persia. As part of their conquering, they burned the Korean copy of the Tripitaka to ash. The Goryeo dynasty immediately recreated the book.
This was important; attacks by Mongols would continue for the next 28 years. The Tripitaka reboot was scheduled to take Korean monks until AD to complete, and, meanwhile, the rulers began expanding into printing other books.
But the lengthy book would have required an impossibly large number of woodblocks, so Choe came up with an alternative. Building on earlier Chinese attempts to create movable type, he adapted a method that had been used for minting bronze coins to cast 3-dimensional characters in metal.
Then he arranged these pieces in a frame, coated them with ink, and used them to press sheets of paper. When he was done, he could reorganize the metal characters, eliminating the need to persistently chisel blocks.
It was faster—to a certain extent. He completed the project in AD. It is important to recognize what this means. The innovation that Johannes Gutenberg is said to have created was small metal pieces with raised backwards letters, arranged in a frame, coated with ink, and pressed to a piece of paper, which allowed books to be printed more quickly.
But Choe Yun-ui did that—and he did it years before Gutenberg was even born. Notably, Korea was under invasion, which hampered their ability to disseminate their innovation.
In addition, Korean writing, then based closely on Chinese, used a large number of different characters, which made creating the metal pieces and assembling them into pages a slow process.
Most importantly, Goryeo rulers intended most of its printing projects for the use of the nobility alone. Nonetheless, it is possible that printing technology spread from East to West. Kublai Khan had access to Korean and Chinese printing technology, and he may have shared this knowledge with another grandson of Genghis Khan, Hulegu, who was then ruling the Persian part of the Mongol empire. This could have moved printing technologies from East Asia westward by thousands of miles. When developing his sun-centric model of the galaxy in the early s, for example, Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus relied not only on his own heavenly observations, but on printed astronomical tables of planetary movements.
With printed formulas and mathematical tables in hand, scientists could trust the fidelity of existing data and devote more energy to breaking new ground. A printing press being used to make books during the 16th century.
The people most willing to take risks and make the effort to be early adopters are those who had no voice before that technology existed. As critical and alternative opinions entered the public discourse, those in power tried to censor it. Before the printing press, censorship was easy. But after the printing press, Palmer says it became nearly impossible to destroy all copies of a dangerous idea.
And the more dangerous a book was claimed to be, the more the people wanted to read it. Every time the Church published a list of banned books, the booksellers knew exactly what they should print next.
During the Enlightenment era, philosophers like John Locke , Voltaire and Jean-Jacques Rousseau were widely read among an increasingly literate populace. Their elevation of critical reasoning above custom and tradition encouraged people to question religious authority and prize personal liberty. Increasing democratization of knowledge in the Enlightenment era led to the development of public opinion and its power to topple the ruling elite.
Public opinion has now become a preponderant power in Europe, one that cannot be resisted… one may hope that enlightened ideas will bring about the greatest good on Earth and that tyrants of all kinds will tremble before the universal cry that echoes everywhere, awakening Europe from its slumbers.
Tremble before the virtuous writer! Benjamin Franklin and associates at Franklin's printing press in Bookmakers would employ dozens of trained artisans to painstakingly hand-copy and illuminate manuscripts. But by the late 15th century, the printing press had rendered their unique skillset all but obsolete.
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