View manifest View in Mirador Viewer. Artist Betsy Graves Reyneau, - Sitter Mary McLeod Bethune, 10 Jul - 18 May Exhibition Label On paper, the New Deal programs enacted to ease the economic sufferings of the Depression were open to everyone, but in practice, racial discrimination often kept African Americans from sharing in their full benefits.
As an official in the National Youth Administration, she proved remarkably effective in assuring blacks access to its employment programs. But her efforts did not stop there. In she was the chief organizer of a group of Washington-based African American leaders known as the "black cabinet," whose self-appointed mission was to maintain steady pressure on the federal government to create better job opportunities for blacks.
Bethune had no physical need for the cane she holds in her portrait. She used it, she said, to give herself "swank. Over the course of her life, she received 11 honorary degrees from Black and white colleges—including Rollins College, where she was the first African American to receive such an honor in the entire South.
Her legacy continued after her death in May Schools, public parks, and streets have been named in her honor. Her greatest legacy remains Bethune-Cookman University, one of the top 50 historically Black colleges and universities in the country. Yesterday our ancestors endured the degradation of slavery, yet they retained their dignity.
Today, we direct our strength toward winning a more abundant and secure life. Tomorrow, a new Negro, unhindered by race taboos and shackles, will benefit from more than years of ceaseless struggle. Theirs will be a better world. This I believe with all my heart. Indiana University Press, Long, Nancy Ann Zrinyi. Florida Historical Society Press, Robertson, Dr.
Ashley N. The History Press, Star Shirley Temple had a special relationship with the Hawaiian Islands. In the prewar years, she made several tours of Hawaii, delighting local and military audiences. Cool was a new concept, a new set of encoded ideas, and a new musical aesthetic. This article explores the idea in a post-WWII context. World War II shaped conversations on the future of service including universal military training and conscription.
Jazz in the late s moved away from big band jazz and morphed into a new expressive form that reflected social developments and post-war realities. Mildred Aupied seized the opportunity for new skills and a better wage as a welder at Delta Shipbuilding Company. During World War II, 4-H members contributed to the war effort in many ways—through military service, as well as efforts on the home front. Robert Riskin, head of the Bureau of Motion Pictures, was responsible for creating Projections of America , a documentary film series that became one of the most important propaganda initiatives of World War II.
Her parents owned a five-acre parcel of land, and her mother continued to work for the family that once owned her. Though her parents and siblings were illiterate, Bethune knew as a child that she wanted to escape "the dense darkness and ignorance" in which she found herself.
Bethune was one of the first youngsters to sign up for a new mission school for black children built near her home. She recalled, "That first morning on my way to school I kept the thought uppermost, 'put that down - you can't read,' and I felt that I was on my way to read.
As an adult, Bethune's influence soon extended far beyond the South. She was a gifted organizer and became a leader in the effort to build coalitions among black women fighting for equal rights, better education, jobs, and political power. After leading numerous local, regional, and national women's clubs, Bethune founded a new umbrella organization in , the National Council of Negro Women.
Bethune lunched regularly with Mrs. Roosevelt in the White House. As a member of FDR's "black cabinet," Bethune was the only African American woman to hold an influential post in the administration. She met every Friday night at home with her black colleagues and civil rights leaders such as Charles H.
Houston, Walter White, and A. Philip Randolph. She called the men together to stay apprised of their work and to use her influence to improve the lives of African Americans and fight inequality. Bethune's position gave her access not only to the president but, on occasion, to a radio audience of millions. With her Victorian elocution and a thunderous tone, Bethune reminded her listeners that African Americans had always been willing to die for American democracy but were still shut out from its promise of freedom.
Democracy is for me, and for 12 million black Americans, a goal towards which our nation is marching. It is a dream and an ideal in whose ultimate realization we have a deep and abiding faith.
For me, it is based on Christianity, in which we confidently entrust our destiny as a people. Under God's guidance in this great democracy, we are rising out of the darkness of slavery into the light of freedom.
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